Sperm banks for coral would aid in the protection of their genetic diversity and prevent further extinction. Besides the application of cryopreservation toward coral sperm and embryonic cells, she is working on developing a method of freezing small fragments of coral to utilize its ability to reproduce asexually as well (Gambino). Hagedorn hopes to expand her bank to include gametes from rice coral, which is a Hawaiian species at risk for disease and bleaching. In an article by Tim Wall, Hagedorn said, “It is crucial that we begin ex situ conservation on coral reefs while their genetic diversity is still high.” While she hopes that they never have to use the banks, the coral sperm and embryonic cells could be thawed out to restore diversity to dying coral populations. The “sperm banks” contain samples from elkhorn as well as Hawaiian mushroom coral. In the case of biologists who collect these gametes for sperm banks, they place fine nets over individual corals that rise to the surface where the samples are then collected and examined for viability before being frozen.Ī marine biologist from the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Mary Hagedorn began the first “frozen repositories of coral sperm and embryonic cells,” at the Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. (Gambino)” These bundles float to the surface and mix with eggs and sperm from other colonies to fertilize one another. “For two to four nights, each individual coral polyp on a colony releases a bundle of eggs and sperm into the water column. They release a chemical into the water that alerts nearby colonies to begin spawning. In Gambino’s article, she informs us of the grim reality: “About one-third of all corals are in threat of extinction, and some coral experts say that we could lose reefs as we know them by 2050.”Ĭoral only spawns one day a year, three days after a full moon. An increase in ocean acidity has led to the corrosion of coral reefs. Over the course of 30 years, 80% of corals in the Caribbean have been decimated due to coral diseases caused by a deterioration of water quality from human activity. RE: Paradox 4.The endangered “elkhorn coral,” was formerly the dominant reef-producing species in the Caribbean. i'd greatly appreciate any suggestions of a simpler solution. So that solution would require that we copy all of our library procedures into hundreds of scripts - a lot of work. Unfortunately, we have many other scripts that are also using libraries. Everything worked fine when we tried that. But something associated with the library must be screwing up the record locking because we can solve this problem by removing the library calls from the scripts and moving the code from the library routines into the scripts. We see that the first users Paradox executable placed a 'prevent full lock' on database-A. It looks like if a user runs a script that calls a library procedure which looks at Database-A, another user will crash if he runs a script that calls a library procedure that also looks at database-A. We started crashing after we had added Library procedures. Each of our installations look at a common network file. We have about 20 users each running a local copy of Paradox 4.5 for DOS under Windows 95.The databases and scripts reside on a Novel network.
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